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Revise: Power and Efficiency

Power and its units, mechanical and energy efficiency, the stretching of a coiled spring, and sources of energy.

Power and Its Units

P = W/t; power is the RATE of energy transfer, measured in watts.

6000 J of work in 12 s gives 500 W.

Efficiency

Ξ· = (useful output/total input) Γ— 100%; no real machine reaches 100%.

350 J useful from 500 J input gives 70% efficiency.

Hooke's Law and the Spring Constant

F = kx: force is proportional to extension, within the elastic limit.

A 250 N/m spring stretches 0.06 m under a 15 N force.

Elastic Potential Energy in a Spring

E = Β½kxΒ² gives the energy stored in a stretched or compressed spring.

A 300 N/m spring compressed 0.08 m stores 0.96 J.