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Revise: Similarity

Similar figures and triangles, the basic proportionality theorem, tests for similar triangles, the angle bisector theorem, the Pythagoras theorem, and special right triangles.

Meaning of Similar Figures and Similar Triangles

Similar: equal angles, proportional sides.

AB=4,BC=6,DE=6 → EF=9.

The Basic Proportionality Theorem

DE ∥ BC in △ABC → AD/DB = AE/EC.

AD=4,DB=6,AE=6 → EC=9.

The Angle Bisector Theorem

AD bisects ∠A → BD/DC = AB/AC.

AB=6,AC=9,BC=15 → BD=6,DC=9.

The Pythagoras Theorem

a² + b² = c² (c = hypotenuse).

legs 6,8 → hypotenuse 10.

Special Right Triangles (45-45-90 and 30-60-90)

45-45-90: x,x,x√2. 30-60-90: x,x√3,2x.

30-60-90, short leg 5 → 5, 5√3, 10.